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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00072_Field_frep58.txt
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1996-12-30
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The visual pathway, from eyes
to primary visual cortex, of a
human brain, as seen from
below. Information comes to
the two purple-colored halves
of the retinas (the right halves,
because the brain is seen
upside down) from the opposite
half of the environment (the
left visual field) and ends up in
the right (purple) half of the
brain. This happens because
about half the optic-nerve
fibers cross at the chiasm, and
the rest stay uncrossed. Hence
the rules: each hemisphere gets
input from both eyes; a given
hemisphere gets information
from the opposite half of the
visual world.
It was also clear that these
connections, from the eyes to
the lateral geniculates and
from the geniculates to the
cortex, are topographically
organized. By topographic
representation, we mean that
the mapping of each structure
to the next is systematic: as you
move along the retina from one
point to another, the
corresponding points in the
lateral geniculate body or
cortex trace a continuous path.
For example, the optic nerve
fibers from a given small part of
the retina all go to a particular
small part of the lateral
geniculate, and fibers from a
given region of the geniculate
all go to a particular region of
the primary visual cortex. Such
an organization is not
surprising if we recall the
caricature of the nervous
system shown earlier in
Chapter 2, in which cells are
grouped in platelike arrays,
with the plates stacked so that a
cell at any particular stage gets
its input from an aggregate of
cells in the immediately
preceding stage.